Background: GENETIC TESTING is opening own venue in different branches of medicine, even in our country. There are many applications of TESTING including newborn screening, diagnostic TESTING, carrier TESTING, preimplantation GENETIC diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, predictive and presymptomatic TESTING, pharmacogenomics and forensic and paternity TESTING. For children, there are some limitations about these tests. Several methods can be used once a person with a GENETIC disorder decides to proceed with GENETIC TESTING; chromosomal analysis and/or DNA TESTING and/or biochemical GENETIC tests may be applied to determine the cause of his/her disease. GENETIC tests are performed on a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid or other biological specimens. The laboratory reports the test results to the physician or GENETIC counselor. Discussing with a GENETICist or GENETIC counselor could be helpful about the pros and cons of the test. In the other hand, knowing the basics of GENETIC reports is essential to physicians for communicating with the lab and GENETICist and managing the disease.

In the structural software test, the test data generation is essential. The problem of generating the test data is a search problem, and for solving the problem, the search algorithms can be used. GENETIC algorithm is one of the most widely used algorithms in this field. Adjusting the GENETIC algorithm parameters helps to increase the effectiveness of this algorithm. In this paper, the adaptive GENETIC algorithm is used in order to maintain the diversity of the population to the test data generation based on the path coverage criterion, which calculates the rate of recombination and mutation with the similarity between the chromosomes and the amount of chromosome fitness during and around each algorithm. The experiments performed show that this method is faster for generating the test data than the other versions of GENETIC algorithm used by the others.

Background: Chromosomal rearrangements play an important role in infertility. Carriers of chromosomal rearrangements have a lower chance of producing normal or balanced gametes due to abnormal segregation of chromosomes at meiosis, which leads to recurrent spontaneous abortions and infertility. Preimplantation GENETIC TESTING for structural chromosome rearrangements (PGT-SR) is offered to couples who have balanced chromosomal rearrangements in order to select embryos with a balanced karyotype prior to implantation, thereby increasing the chances of pregnancy. The purpose of the current study was to assess the outcomes of PGT-SR in patients carrying various balanced chromosomal rearrangements and to assess their clinical pregnancy outcome after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: In this study, infertile couples with balanced chromosomal abnormalities undergoing PGT-SR were retrospectively analyzed at a single fertility center from January 2016 to December 2019. Results: PGT-SR was performed on 87 embryos from 22 couples in whom one partner carried a balanced translocation or an inversion. Fifty-seven (65. 5%) of these embryos had unbalanced or sporadic aneuploidies, 30 (34. 5%) embryos were normal or chromosomally balanced, which were then transferred in 18 couples. A higher rate of unbalanced translocations in comparison to sporadic aneuploidies was observed in couples with reciprocal translocation. The live birth rate per embryo transfer was found to be 66. 6% (12/18). Conclusion: PGT-SR is a useful tool in selecting normal or balanced embryos for transfer in IVF, which could lead to a pregnancy by reducing the chance of miscarriages due to chromosome aneuploidy in couples with balanced chromosomal rearrangements.

Direct-to-consumer GENETIC TESTING are marketed directly to customers and provides people access to their GENETIC information without necessarily involving a healthcare provider or health insurance company. Such tests can be helpful in managing and monitoring people's health, but the ethical and legal issues related to these services are completely new and require a comprehensive consideration. The present paper studies the challenges of such tests by analyzing information collected through the library method. Expanding the scope of such tests, it seems more important than ever the need to educate on such tests, build an appropriate infrastructure, the regulatory systems and designing a framework for DTC-GT companies.